The International Marine Animal Trainers’ Association (IMATA) applauds the Association of Zoos & Aquariums (AZA) on its decision to require accredited zoos to phase out the use of the ankus (or bull hook) in elephant management programs; the goal is to eliminate the use of this aversive tool, except in emergencies and non-routine medical care, by 2023.

The elimination of the ankus from everyday training scenarios removes the possibility for misuse that might result in adverse animal welfare. While many elephant caregivers only employ this tool as a guide or target, some have continued with archaic measures that, while perhaps not injurious, garner poor optics and have the suggestion of abuse.

For nearly 50 years, IMATA’s members have been lauded for their pioneering techniques that utilize operant conditioning and positive reinforcement to create trusting relationships with animals. Essential to animal welfare is a communication system between animal and caregiver that minimizes confusion, frustration, or fear. Organizations that have attained accreditation from IMATA educate and develop their training staffs under a philosophy that communication with animals is most effective when positive techniques are implemented.